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Ethnologue > Web version > Nearly extinct languages

Nearly extinct languages

516 of the languages listed in the Ethnologue are classified as nearly extinct. They are classified in this way when "only a few elderly speakers are still living." The entries below give just the known population information. Click on "More information" to see the full entry for the language.

• Africa (46 total)
• The Americas (170 total)
• Asia (78 total)
• Europe (12 total)
• The Pacific (210 total)

More about Endangered Languages

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Africa

Cameroon

• Baldemu. 3 to 6 (2003 SIL). More information.
• Bikya. 1 (1986 R. Breton). More information.
• Bishuo. 1 (1986 R. Breton). More information.
• Bung. 3 (1995 Connell). More information.
• Busuu. 8 (1986 Breton). More information.
• Dama. 50. More information.
• Luo. 1 (1995 Connell). More information.
• Ndai. 5. More information.
• Ngong. 2 (1983 Atlas Linguistique du Cameroun). More information.
• Oblo. More information.
• Pam. 30 (2003 SIL). More information.
• Twendi. 30 (2000 B. Connell). Ethnic population: 1,000 or fewer (1991 SIL). More information.
• Zumaya. 25 (1987 SIL). More information.

Central African Republic

• Bodo. 15 (1996). More information.

Chad

• Berakou. 2 (1995 Djarangar). More information.
• Buso. 40 (1971 Welmers). More information.
• Goundo. 30 (1998). More information.
• Mabire. 3 (2001 SIL). More information.
• Massalat. 10 (1991 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 29,836 (1993 census). More information.
• Noy. 36 (1993 census). More information.

Ethiopia

• Birale. 19 (2000 M. Brenzinger). Ethnic population: 89 (2000 M. Brenzinger). More information.

Guinea

• Baga Koga. Ethnic population: 5,000. More information.
• Baga Mboteni. Ethnic population: 4,893. More information.

Kenya

• El Molo. 8 (1994 Larsen). Ethnic population: 400 (2000 M. Brenzinger). More information.
• Omotik. 50 (1980). Ethnic population: 200 or more (2000). More information.
• Yaaku. 50 (1983). Ethnic population: 250 (1983). More information.

Nigeria

• Bassa-Kontagora. 10 (1987). Ethnic population: 30,000. More information.
• Bete. 50 (1992). Ethnic population: 3,000. More information.
• Fali of Baissa. Few speakers left (1992 Crozier and Blench). More information.
• Kiong. 100 (2004). Ethnic population: 569 (2000 WCD). More information.
• Kudu-Camo. 42 (1990 Michael Bross). More information.
• Labir. Ethnic population: 11,386 (2000 WCD). More information.
• Lere. Ethnic population: 16,328. More information.
• Lufu. Ethnic population: 2,000 to 3,000 (1992). More information.
• Luri. 30 (1973 SIL). More information.
• Njerep. 6 (2000 B. Connell). More information.
• Odut. 20 (1980s, from Blench 2000). More information.
• Putai. 50. More information.
• Shau. More information.
• Somyev. 15 to 20 (2000 B. Connell). More information.
• Ziriya. More information.

Somalia

• Boon. 59 (2000 WCD). More information.

South Africa

• N|u. 10 (2003 Crawhall). Ethnic population: 500 (1998 Nigel Crawhall, South African San Institute). More information.
• Tsotsitaal. It had tens of thousands of primary users; hundreds of thousands of second-language users (1984 Gilbert and Makhudu). More information.
• Xiri. 87 (2000 WCD). More information.

Tanzania

• Gweno. Few speakers (2000 M. Brenzinger). Ethnic population: 2,000 or more. More information.

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The Americas

Argentina

• Ona. 1 to 3 (1991 Adelaar). More information.
• Puelche. 5 or 6. More information.
• Tehuelche. 4 (2000 W. Adelaar). Ethnic population: 200 (2000 W. Adelaar). More information.
• Vilela. 20 (1981 Buckwalter). More information.

Bolivia

• Baure. 13 (2000 Adelaar). Ethnic population: 631 (2000). More information.
• Itonama. 10 (2000 Crevels). Ethnic population: 5,090 (2000 W. Adelaar). More information.
• Leco. 20 (2001 Simon van de Kerke). Ethnic population: 80 (2000 W. Adelaar). More information.
• Pacahuara. 17 (2000 W. Adelaar). Ethnic population: 18 (2000 W. Adelaar). More information.
• Reyesano. Possibly a few speakers (2000 W. Adelaar). Ethnic population: 4,118 (2000 W. Adelaar). More information.
• Uru. 2 (2000 W. Adelaar). Ethnic population: 142 (2000 W. Adelaar). More information.

Brazil

• Amanayé. Ethnic population: 60 (2000 C. Jensen). More information.
• Anambé. 7 (1991 SIL). Ethnic population: 77 (1993 SIL). More information.
• Apiacá. 2 (1986 Rodrigues). Ethnic population: 90 (2000 C. Jensen). More information.
• Arikapú. 6 (1998 SIL). More information.
• Aruá. 12 (1990). Ethnic population: 40 (2000 C. Jensen). More information.
• Arutani. 17 in Brazil (1986 SIL). Population total all countries: 19. More information.
• Aurá. 2 (2004 SIL). More information.
• Cafundo Creole. 40 (1978 M. Gnerre, U. Estadual de Campinas). More information.
• Guató. 40 (1993 SIL). Ethnic population: 382 (1993 SIL). More information.
• Himarimã. 40. More information.
• Jabutí. 5 (1990). More information.
• Júma. 4 (1998). There were 300 in 1940. More information.
• Karahawyana. 40 (1995 SIL). More information.
• Karipuná. 12 to 15 (2000 SIL). More information.
• Katawixi. 10 (1986 SIL). More information.
• Katukína. 1 (1976 SIL). Ethnic population: 360. More information.
• Kreye. 30 (1995 SIL). More information.
• Mapidian. 50 in Brazil (1986 Howard). More information.
• Matipuhy. 40 (1995 AMTB). More information.
• Mondé. 30 (1995 AMTB). More information.
• Ofayé. 15 (2002). Ethnic population: 37 (1995 AMTB). More information.
• Omagua. There may be none left in Brazil (1995). More information.
• Oro Win. 5 (1996 SIL). Ethnic population: 55 (1998). More information.
• Puruborá. 2 (2002 SIL). More information.
• Sikiana. 33 in Brazil (1986 SIL). Population total all countries: 48. More information.
• Tariano. 100 in Brazil (1996 A. Aikhenvald). Ethnic population: 1,500 in Brazil (1985 Rodrigues). More information.
• Torá. 40 (1990). Ethnic population: 120 (1990 YWAM). More information.
• Tremembé. More information.
• Xetá. 3 (1990 SIL). Ethnic population: 100 to 250 (1986 SIL). More information.
• Xipaya. 2 (2000 SIL). More information.

Canada

• Abnaki, Western. 20 (1991 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 1,800 including Eastern Abnaki in USA (1982 SIL). More information.
• Bella Coola. 20 (2002 Poser). Ethnic population: 700 (1991 Kinkade). More information.
• Chinook Wawa. 83 in Canada (1962 Chafe). Population total all countries: 100. More information.
• Haida, Northern. 30 in Canada (1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 45. Ethnic population: 1,100 in Canada (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Haida, Southern. 10 (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 500 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Haisla. 25 (1991 M. Dale Kinkade). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Han. 7 or 8 in Canada (1997 Krauss). Ethnic population: 300. More information.
• Kutenai. 6 in Canada (2002 Poser). Population total all countries: 12. More information.
• Maritime Sign Language. More information.
• Munsee. 7 or 8 (1991 M. Dale Kinkade). Ethnic population: 400 (1991 M. Dale Kinkade). More information.
• Salish, Straits. 20 in Canada (2002 Poser). Ethnic population: 3,000 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Sechelt. 40 (1990 M.D. Kinkade). Ethnic population: 550 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Sekani. 30 to 40 (1997 Sharon Hargus). Ethnic population: 600 (1982 SIL and 1997 S. Hargus). More information.
• Squamish. 15 (2002 Poser). Ethnic population: 2,300. More information.
• Tagish. 2 (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 400 possibly (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Tahltan. 35 (2002 Poser). Ethnic population: 750 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Tuscarora. 7 or 8 in Canada (1991 Kinkade). Population total all countries: 11 to 13. More information.

Chile

• Qawasqar. 20 (1996 Oscar Aguilera). Population includes 10 in Puerto Edin. More information.
• Yámana. 1 (2003). Ethnic population: 100 (2000 W. Adelaar). More information.

Colombia

• Cabiyarí. 50 (1976 Bourgue). More information.
• Tariano. Ethnic population: 332 in Colombia (1998 Arango and Sánchez). More information.
• Tinigua. 2 (2000). Ethnic population: 2. More information.
• Totoro. 4 (1998 Arango and Sánchez). Ethnic population: 3,650 (1998 Arango and Sánchez). More information.
• Tunebo, Angosturas. 50. More information.

Costa Rica

• Boruca. 5 women (1986 SIL). 30 to 35 nonfluent speakers. Ethnic population: 1,000 (1991). More information.

Ecuador

• Záparo. 1 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 170 (2000 M. R. Wise SIL). More information.

El Salvador

• Lenca. Ethnic population: 36,858 in El Salvador (1987). More information.
• Pipil. 20 (1987). Ethnic population: 196,576 (1987). More information.

Guatemala

• Itza'. 12 (1986 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,800 (2001). More information.

Guyana

• Berbice Creole Dutch. 4 or 5 (1993 S. Kouwenberg). 15 with limited competence (1989 J. Holm). More information.
• Mapidian. More information.
• Mawayana. 50 (1986 Howard). More information.

Honduras

• Lenca. Only a few speakers in Honduras (1993 Ramon D. Rivas). Ethnic population: 100,000. More information.

Mexico

• Chiapanec. 17 (1990 census). Ethnic population: 32. More information.
• Kiliwa. 24 to 32 (1994 SIL). More information.
• Matlatzinca, Atzingo. 50 to 100 (1993 SIL). Ethnic population: 642 (1990 census). More information.
• Matlatzinca, San Francisco. Ethnic population: 1,167 (2000 WCD). More information.
• Opata. 15. Population includes 11 in Distrito Federal, 4 in State of Mexico (1993 Instituto Nacional Indigenista). More information.
• Zapotec, Asunción Mixtepec. 100 (1990 census). Ethnic population: 2,476 (1990 census). More information.
• Zapotec, San Agustín Mixtepec. 59 (1994 SIL). More information.
• Zoque, Tabasco. 40 (1971 García de León). Ethnic population: 367 (1960 census). More information.

Nicaragua

• Rama. 24 (1989 J. Holm). Ethnic population: 900 (2000 C. Grinevald). More information.

Panama

• San Miguel Creole French. 3 (1999 SIL). More information.

Peru

• Cahuarano. 5 (1976 SIL). More information.
• Chamicuro. 2 (2000 Adelaar). Ethnic population: 10 to 20 (2000 Adelaar). More information.
• Iñapari. 4 (1999 SIL). More information.
• Iquito. 35 (2002 SIL). 1 monolingual. Ethnic population: 500. More information.
• Isconahua. 82 (2000 WCD). More information.
• Jebero. Ethnic population: 2,000 to 3,000 (2000 W. Adelaar). More information.
• Mashco Piro. 20 to 100 (1976 SIL). All are completely monolingual. More information.
• Muniche. 3 (1988 SIL). More information.
• Omagua. 10 to 100 in Peru (1976 SIL). Population total all countries: 10 to 100. Ethnic population: 627 (1976). More information.
• Resígaro. 14 (1976 SIL). More information.
• Taushiro. 1 (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 20. More information.

Suriname

• Akurio. 10 (2000 E. B. Carlin). Ethnic population: 50. More information.
• Sikiana. 15 in Suriname (2001 Carlin). Ethnic population: 50. More information.

USA

• Achumawi. 10 nonfluent speakers (1997 Nevin). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1997 Bruce Nevin). More information.
• Ahtena. 80 (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 500 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Apache, Kiowa. 18 (1990 census). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Apache, Lipan. 2 or 3 (1981 R. W. Young). Ethnic population: 100 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Arikara. 20 (1997 Parks). Ethnic population: 3,000. More information.
• Atsugewi. 3 (1994 L. Hinton). Ethnic population: 200 (1977 SIL). 1,350 with Achumawi (2000 A. Yamamoto). More information.
• Caddo. 25 (1997 Chafe). Ethnic population: 3,371 (1997 W. Chafe). More information.
• Cahuilla. 7 to 20 (1994 L. Hinton). Ethnic population: 35 (1990 census). More information.
• Chetco. 5 (1962 Chafe). Ethnic population: 100 possibly (1977 SIL). More information.
• Chinook. 12 speakers of Kiksht dialect (1996). Ethnic population: 300 possibly (1977 SIL). More information.
• Chinook Wawa. 17 in the USA (1990 census). More information.
• Clallam. 10 (1997 Timothy Montler). Ethnic population: Several thousands (1997 T. Montler). More information.
• Coeur d'Alene. 5 (1999 R. McDonald). Ethnic population: 800 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Coos. 1 or 2 (1962 Chafe). Ethnic population: 250 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Degexit'an. 20 to 30 (1997 Sharon Hargus). Ethnic population: 250 to 300 (1997 M. Krauss). More information.
• Eyak. 1 (1996 N. Barnes). Ethnic population: 50 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Gros Ventre. 10 (1977 SIL). Very few semispeakers in 2000 (2001 Goddard). Ethnic population: 1,200 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Haida, Northern. 15 in the USA (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 600 in the USA (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Han. 7 or 8 in Alaska (1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 14. Ethnic population: 300. More information.
• Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language. A few users out of about 6,000 profoundly deaf people in Hawaii (1987 Honolulu Star-Bulletin), 72,000 deaf or hard-of-hearing people in Hawaii (1998 Honolulu Advertiser). More information.
• Holikachuk. 12 (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 200 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Hupa. 8 (1998 Brook). Ethnic population: 2,000. More information.
• Kalapuya. 1 or 2 (1962 Chafe). More information.
• Kansa. 19 (1990 census). Ethnic population: 250 (1986 SIL). More information.
• Karok. 10 (1997 William Bright). Ethnic population: 1,900 (2000 A. Yamamoto). More information.
• Kashaya. 45 (1994 L. Hinton). More information.
• Kawaiisu. 8 to 10 (2000 L. Hinton). Ethnic population: 35 (2000 A. Yamamoto). More information.
• Klamath-Modoc. 1 (1998 N.Y. Times, April 9, p. A20). Ethnic population: 2,000 (1997 Scott DeLancey). More information.
• Kuskokwim, Upper. 40 (1995 Krauss). 3 households (1997). Ethnic population: 160 (1995 Krauss). More information.
• Kutenai. 6 in the USA (2002). More information.
• Luiseño. 30 to 40 (2000 L. Hinton). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2000 A. Yamamoto). More information.
• Lushootseed. 60 (1990 M. D. Kinkade). Population evenly divided between the northern and southern dialects. Ethnic population: 2,000 (1990 M. D. Kinkade). More information.
• Maidu, Northeast. 1 to 2 (1994 L. Hinton). Ethnic population: 108 (1990 census). More information.
• Maidu, Northwest. 3 to 6 (1994 L. Hinton). Ethnic population: 200 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Mandan. 6 (1992 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 400 (1986 SIL and 1997 M. Mixco). More information.
• Menominee. 39. Ethnic population: 3,500 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Miwok, Central Sierra. 12. Population includes 6 Eastern Central Sierra, 6 Western Central Sierra (1994 L. Hinton). Ethnic population: Possibly 5,000 all Miwok (2000 Yamamoto). More information.
• Miwok, Lake. 1 to 2 (1994 L. Hinton). More information.
• Miwok, Northern Sierra. 6 (1994 L. Hinton). More information.
• Miwok, Plains. 1 (1962 H. Landar in Sebeok 1977). More information.
• Miwok, Southern Sierra. 7 Southern Central Sierra Miwok (1994 L. Hinton). More information.
• Mono. 37 to 41 (1994 L. Hinton). Population includes 10 to 12 North Fork, 15 Auberry, 7 to 8 Big Sandy, 5 to 6 Dunlap, no Waksachi. Ethnic population: 600 (2000 A. Yamamoto). More information.
• Nisenan. 1 (1994 L. Hinton). More information.
• Osage. 5 (1991 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 15,000 (1997 Carolyn Quintero). More information.
• Panamint. 20. Ethnic population: 100 (1998 John E. McLaughlin). More information.
• Pawnee. 20 (1997 Parks). Ethnic population: 2,500 (1997 Parks). More information.
• Pomo, Central. 2 to 5 (1997 Mithun). Ethnic population: 4,766 (1997 Mithun). More information.
• Pomo, Southeastern. 5 (1994 L. Hinton). More information.
• Pomo, Southern. 1 (1994 L. Hinton). More information.
• Quapaw. 34 (1990 census). Ethnic population: 2,000 (1986 SIL). More information.
• Quileute. 10 (1977 SIL). Ethnic population: 300 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Salish, Straits. More information.
• Serrano. 1 (1994 Coker). More information.
• Snohomish. 10 (1998 J. Brooke). Ethnic population: 800 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Tanacross. 35 (1997 G. Holton). Population includes 3 in the Healy Lake dialect, 32 in Mansfield-Ketchumstuck. Ethnic population: 120 (1997 G. Holton). More information.
• Tanaina. 75 (1997 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 900 (1997 M. Krauss). More information.
• Tanana, Lower. 30 (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 380 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Tolowa. 4 to 5 (1994 Hinton). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2000 Yamamoto). More information.
• Tübatulabal. 6. Ethnic population: 900 (2000 Yamamoto). More information.
• Tuscarora. 4 to 5 in the USA (1997 Mithun). Ethnic population: 1,200 in the USA (1997 Mithun). More information.
• Tututni. 10 (1962 Chafe). More information.
• Wasco-Wishram. 69 (1990 census). 7 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 750 possibly (1977 SIL). More information.
• Washo. 10 (1998 J. Brooke). Ethnic population: 1,500 (2000 A. Yamamoto). More information.
• Wichita. 3 (2000 Brian Levy). Ethnic population: 1,400 (2000 David S. Rood). More information.
• Wintu. 5 or 6 (1997 Shepherd). Ethnic population: 2,244 (1997 Shepherd). More information.
• Yokuts. 78 speakers of Northern Foothill Yokuts (1990 census). Ethnic population: 2,500 (2000 A. Yamamoto). More information.
• Yuchi. 10 to 12 (1997 Mary Linn). Ethnic population: 1,500 (1977 SIL). More information.
• Yurok. 12 (2002 Goddard). Ethnic population: 3,000 to 4,500 possibly (1982 SIL). More information.

Venezuela

• Arutani. 2 in Venezuela (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 39 in Venezuela (2002 SIL). More information.
• Mapoyo. 3 (2000 Muller). Ethnic population: 120. More information.
• Pémono. 1 (2000 M-C Mattei Muller). More information.
• Sapé. 5 (1977 E. Migliazza). Ethnic population: 25 or fewer (1977 Migliazza). More information.
• Sikiana. More information.
• Yabarana. 20 to 50 (1977 Migliazza). More information.

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Asia

Afghanistan

• Tirahi. 100. Ethnic population: Possibly 5,000. More information.

India

• A-Pucikwar. 24 (2000 Verma). More information.
• Khamyang. 50 (2003). More information.
• Parenga. Ethnic population: 767 (2002). More information.
• Ruga. More information.

Indonesia (Kalimantan)

• Lengilu. 3 to 4 (2000 Wurm). More information.

Indonesia (Maluku)

• Amahai. 50 (1987 SIL). More information.
• Hoti. 10 (1987 SIL). More information.
• Hukumina. 1 (1989 SIL). More information.
• Hulung. 10 (1991 SIL). More information.
• Ibu. 35 (1987 Voorhoeve and Visser). Ethnic population: 50 to 200 in the ethnic group (1984). More information.
• Kamarian. 10 (1987 SIL). Ethnic population: 6,000 in the village (1987 SIL). More information.
• Kayeli. 3 (1995). Not used for 3 decades by the speakers (1989 C. Grimes SIL). Ethnic population: 800 (1995). More information.
• Loun. 20. More information.
• Naka'ela. 5 (1985 SIL). More information.
• Nusa Laut. 10. Ethnic population: 2,226 (1989 SIL). More information.
• Paulohi. 50 (1982). More information.
• Piru. 10 (1985 Y. Taguchi SIL). More information.

Indonesia (Papua)

• Bonerif. 4 (1994 SIL). More information.
• Burumakok. 40 (1994 Kroneman). More information.
• Duriankere. 30 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Dusner. 20 (2000). More information.
• Kanum, Bädi. 10 (1996 Mark Donohue). More information.
• Kapori. 30 to 40 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Kehu. 25 (2002 SIL). More information.
• Kembra. 20 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Kwerisa. 15 to 50 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Mander. 20 (1991 SIL). More information.
• Mapia. 1. More information.
• Maremgi. 40 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Massep. 25 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Mor. 20 to 30 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Saponi. 4 to 5 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Tandia. 2 (1991 SIL). More information.
• Usku. 20 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Woria. 5 to 6 (2000 Wurm). More information.

Indonesia (Sumatra)

• Lom. 2 to 10 (2000 Wurm). More information.

Israel

• Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic. 20 (2004 Mutzafi). More information.
• Yevanic. 35 in Israel. There were a few semispeakers left in 1987 and may be none now. Population total all countries: 50. More information.

Japan

• Ainu. 15 in Japan (1996 Alexander Vovin). Ethnic population: 15,000 in Japan. More information.

Laos

• Arem. 20 in Laos. Ethnic population: 500 (1995). More information.

Malaysia (Peninsular)

• Mintil. 40 (1975 SIL). More information.
• Orang Kanaq. 34 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.

Malaysia (Sarawak)

• Punan Batu 1. 30 (2000 Wurm). More information.

Nepal

• Chukwa. 100 (1991 W. Winter). More information.
• Dumi. 3 (2000 Van Driem). Ethnic population: 1,000 to 2,000 (1991 W. Winter). More information.
• Lingkhim. 1 (1991 W. Winter). More information.
• Pongyong. More information.
• Saam. 23 (2001 census). More information.

Philippines

• Agta, Alabat Island. 30 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Agta, Isarog. 5 to 6 (2000 Wurm). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1984 SIL). More information.
• Arta. 15 (2000 Wurm). Population includes 12 in Villa Santiago, 1 in Villa Gracia, 3 or 4 in Nagtipunan (1992 L. Reid). More information.
• Ata. 2 to 5 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Ayta, Sorsogon. 15 to 20 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Ratagnon. 2 to 3 (2000 Wurm). Ethnic population: 2,000 (1997 SIL). More information.

Russia (Asia)

• Ainu. More information.
• Aleut, Mednyj. 10 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Enets, Forest. 40 (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 209 with Tundra Enets (1989 census). More information.
• Enets, Tundra. 30 (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 209 together with Forest Enets (1990 census). More information.
• Karagas. 25 to 30 (2001). Ethnic population: 730 (1989 census). More information.
• Kerek. 2 (1997 M. Krauss). There were 200 to 400 speakers in 1900. Ethnic population: 400. More information.
• Orok. 30 to 82 in Russia (1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 33 to 85. Ethnic population: 250 to 300 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Udihe. 100 (1991 Kibrik). Ethnic population: 1,600 (1991 Kibrik). More information.
• Yugh. 2 or 3 (1991 G. K. Verner in Kibrik). Nonfluent speakers. Ethnic population: 10 to 15 (1991 G. K. Verner in Kibrik). More information.
• Yukaghir, Northern. 30 to 150 (1995 M. Krauss, 1989 census). Ethnic population: 230 to 1,100 (1995 M. Krauss, 1989 census). More information.
• Yukaghir, Southern. 10 to 50 (1995 M. Krauss, 1989 census). Ethnic population: 130 (1995 M. Krauss, 1989 census). More information.

Taiwan

• Amis, Nataoran. 5 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Babuza. 3 to 4 (2000 S. Wurm). More information.
• Kanakanabu. 6 to 8 (2000 Wurm). Ethnic population: 250 (UNESCO). More information.
• Kavalan. 24 (2000 Li). More information.
• Kulon-Pazeh. 1 (2000 Paul Jen-Kuei Li). More information.
• Saaroa. 5 to 6 (2000 Wurm). Ethnic population: 300 (2000 UNESCO Red Book). More information.
• Thao. 5 to 6 (2000 Wurm). Ethnic population: 248 (1989). More information.

Thailand

• Mok. 7 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.

Uzbekistan

• Judeo-Crimean Tatar. More information.

Viet Nam

• Arem. 20 in Viet Nam (1996 Ferlus). Population total all countries: 40. Ethnic population: 100 in Viet Nam (1996 Ferlus). More information.
• Gelao, Red. 20. More information.
• Gelao, White. 20 (2002 Edmondson). More information.

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Europe

Czech Republic

• Silesian, Lower. More information.

Germany

• Silesian, Lower. More information.

Greece

• Romano-Greek. 30 (2000). More information.

Latvia

• Liv. 15 to 20 (1995 V. Zeps). More information.

Lithuania

• Karaim. 3 (2000). Ethnic population: 5,000 in Lithuania. More information.

Norway

• Saami, Pite. More information.

Poland

• Silesian, Lower. More information.

Russia (Europe)

• Saami, Akkala. 8 (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 100 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Saami, Ter. 6 (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 400 population (2000 Salminen). More information.
• Vod. 25 (1979 Valt). Ethnic population: 200 (1990 A. E. Kibrik). More information.

Sweden

• Saami, Pite. 20 in Sweden (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 2,000 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). More information.
• Saami, Ume. 20 (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1995 M. Krauss). More information.

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The Pacific

Australia

• Adynyamathanha. 20 (1990 Schmidt). More information.
• Alawa. 17 to 20 (1991 M. Sharpe). There are 4 partial first-language speakers. More information.
• Alngith. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Amarag. 5. More information.
• Ami. 30 to 35 (1983 Black). More information.
• Andegerebinha. 10 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Antakarinya. 50 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Arabana. 8 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Areba. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Atampaya. 4 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Ayabadhu. 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Badimaya. 20 (1966 Voegelin and Voegelin). More information.
• Bandjalang. 10 (1983 R. M. W. Dixon). More information.
• Bandjigali. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Bardi. 20 (1999 Claire Bowern). Population includes 16 Bardi, 3 Jawi. More information.
• Barrow Point. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Bayungu. 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Bidyara. 20 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Burduna. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Darling. 5. More information.
• Dhalandji. 20 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Dhargari. 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Dirari. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Djamindjung. 30 (1990 Schmidt). More information.
• Djangun. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Djawi. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Djingili. 10 (1997). More information.
• Djiwarli. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Dyaabugay. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Dyaberdyaber. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Dyangadi. 5 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Dyirbal. 40 to 50 (1983 R. M. W. Dixon). More information.
• Dyugun. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Erre. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Flinders Island. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gadjerawang. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gagadu. 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gambera. 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gamilaraay. 3 (1997 Coonabarabran Public School). More information.
• Ganggalida. 5 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Garig-Ilgar. 4 (2003 N. Evans). Population includes 3 Ilgar, 1 Garig. More information.
• Giyug. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gooniyandi. 100 (1990 Schmidt). More information.
• Gudanji. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gugadj. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gugu Badhun. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gugubera. 15 (1991 SIL). Ethnic population: 50 (1990 Schmidt). More information.
• Guguyimidjir. 20 to 30 (1991 Wayne Rosendale). 200 to 300 know and understand the language but prefer English. Ethnic population: 400 (1990 Schmidt). More information.
• Gungabula. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Gunya. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Guragone. 20 (1990 Schmidt). More information.
• Gurdjar. 30 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Guwamu. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Jarnango. 40 (1983 Black). More information.
• Kamu. 2 (1967). More information.
• Kanju. 50 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Karadjeri. 12 (1991 SIL). More information.
• Kayardild. 6 (2000 Evans). Ethnic population: 150. More information.
• Kokata. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Kuku-Mangk. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Kuku-Mu'inh. 7 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Kuku-Muminh. 31 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Kuku-Ugbanh. 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Kuku-Uwanh. 40 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Kumbainggar. 10 (2000). More information.
• Kunbarlang. 50 to 100 (1983 Black). More information.
• Kunggara. 10 (1971 SIL). More information.
• Kunggari. 10. More information.
• Kunjen. 20 to 25 (1991 Bruce Sommer). 40 with some knowledge. Ethnic population: 300 (1991 Bruce Sommer). More information.
• Kurrama. 50 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Kuthant. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Lamu-Lamu. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Laragia. 6 (1983 Black). More information.
• Lardil. 2 (2000 Evans). More information.
• Limilngan. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Madngele. 15 to 20 (1983 Black). More information.
• Manda. 25 (1983 Black). More information.
• Mandandanyi. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Mangarayi. 50 (1983 Black). More information.
• Mangerr. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Mara. 15 (1991 M. Sharpe). More information.
• Maranunggu. 15 to 20 (1983 Black). More information.
• Margany. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Margu. 1 (2000 Evans). More information.
• Maridan. 20 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Maridjabin. 20 (1970 Oates). More information.
• Marimanindji. 15 (1983 Black). More information.
• Maringarr. 30 to 40 (1983 Black). More information.
• Marithiel. 25 (1983 Black). More information.
• Mariyedi. 20 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Marti Ke. 10 (2001 Alexander). Ethnic population: 100. More information.
• Martuyhunira. 5 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Mayaguduna. 2. More information.
• Mbabaram. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Mbariman-Gudhinma. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Miriwung. 10 to 20 (1990 Schmidt). More information.
• Miwa. 4 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Mudbura. 50 (1983 Black). More information.
• Mullukmulluk. 9 to 11 (1988 SIL). More information.
• Muluridyi. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Muruwari. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Ngadjunmaya. 10 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Ngalakan. 10 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Ngalkbun. 20 (2000 N. Evans). More information.
• Ngamini. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Ngarla. 8 (1991 SIL). 10 partial speakers. More information.
• Ngarluma. 70 (1970 C.G. von Brandenstein). More information.
• Ngawun. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Ngura. 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Population includes 1 Punthamara, 4 Wongkumara, 2 Badjiri, and 1 Kalali. More information.
• Ngurmbur. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Nhuwala. 10 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Nijadali. 6 (1990 SIL). More information.
• Nimanbur. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Nungali. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Nyamal. 20 to 30 (1991 SIL). More information.
• Nyangga. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Nyawaygi. 3 (1981). More information.
• Nyigina. 50 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Nyulnyul. 1 (2001 McGregor). More information.
• Pakanha. 10 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Panytyima. 50 (1972 B. Geytenbeek). More information.
• Pini. 10. More information.
• Pinigura. 5 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Pitta Pitta. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Thaypan. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Tyaraity. 10 (1983 Black). More information.
• Umbindhamu. 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Umbugarla. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Umbuygamu. 7 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Uradhi. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Urningangg. 10 (1983 Black). More information.
• Wadjiginy. 12 (1988 SIL). More information.
• Wadjigu. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wagaya. 10 (1983 Black). More information.
• Wageman. 10 (2000). More information.
• Wajarri. 50 (1981 W. Douglas). Ethnic population: 200 or fewer (1981 W. Douglas). More information.
• Wakawaka. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wambaya. 12 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wamin. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa. 12 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wanggamala. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wangganguru. 8 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wanman. 20 (1973 SIL). More information.
• Waray. 4 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wardaman. 50 (1983 Black). More information.
• Warlmanpa. 50 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Warluwara. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Warrgamay. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Warrwa. 2 (2001 McGregor). More information.
• Warungu. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wik-Epa. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wik-Iiyanh. 40 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wik-Keyangan. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wik-Me'anha. 12 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wikngenchera. 50 (1970 Oates). More information.
• Wilawila. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wiradhuri. 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wirangu. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Worora. 20 (1990 Schmidt). More information.
• Wulna. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Wunambal. 20 (1990 A. Schmidt). More information.
• Yandruwandha. 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Yawarawarga. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Yawuru. 30 (2001 K. Hosokawa). More information.
• Yidiny. 12 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Yindjilandji. 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Yinggarda. 5 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). More information.
• Yir Yoront. 15 (1991 Bruce Sommer). More information.

Micronesia

• Nguluwan. 50 (2000 Osamu Sakiyama). More information.

New Caledonia

• Arhâ. 35 (1996 census). More information.
• Haeke. 100 (1982 SIL). More information.
• Pwapwa. 16 (1996 census). More information.
• Zire. 4 (1996 census). More information.

Palau

• Tobian. 22 (1995 SIL). More information.

Papua New Guinea

• Abaga. 5 (1994 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,200 (1975 SIL). More information.
• Abom. 15 (2002 SIL). More information.
• Bilakura. 30 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Dumun. 35 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Gorovu. 15 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Guramalum. 3 or 4 (1987 SIL). More information.
• Gweda. 26 (2001 SIL). More information.
• Kamasa. 7 (2003 SIL). More information.
• Karawa. 63 (2003 SIL). More information.
• Kawacha. 12 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Kowaki. 25 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Laua. 1 (1987 SIL). More information.
• Magori. 100 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Makolkol. 7 (1988 SIL). More information.
• Mawak. 25 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Puari. 35 (2003 SIL). More information.
• Sene. 10 (1978 McElhanon). More information.
• Susuami. 10 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Tenis. 30 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Turaka. 25 (2000 Wurm). More information.
• Turumsa. 5 (2002 SIL). More information.
• Unserdeutsch. 100 in Papua New Guinea. Population includes 15 in New Britain, a few in other parts of Papua New Guinea and the rest in southeastern Queensland, Australia (1981 C. Volker). More information.

Solomon Islands

• Asumboa. 10 (1999 SIL). More information.
• Laghu. 15 (1999 SIL). More information.
• Oroha. 38 (1999 SIL). More information.
• Rennellese Sign Language. 1 (1986 Gallaudet University). More information.
• Tanema. 3 (1999 SIL). Ethnic population: 190 (1998 SIL). More information.
• Tanimbili. 15 (1999 SIL). More information.
• Teanu. 24 (1999 SIL). More information.
• Zazao. 10 (1999 SIL). More information.

Vanuatu

• Aore. 1 (1982 SIL). More information.
• Araki. 8. More information.
• Maragus. 10 (1971 Tryon). More information.
• Nasarian. 20 (1983 SIL). More information.
• Sowa. 20 (1971 Tryon). More information.
• Ura. 6 (1998 T. Crowley). More information.